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In other words, it's a gamble. .
The opposite is also true. If computational power is taken off of this network, the difficulty adjusts downward to make mining simpler. .
"Say I tell three friends I'm thinking about a number between 1 and 100, and that I write that number on a piece of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't have to guess the exact number, they simply have to be the first person to guess any number that is less than or equal to this number I am thinking of.
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"Let's say I'm thinking of the number 19. If Friend A guesses 21they lose because 21>19. If Friend B supposes 16 and Friend C guesses 12, then they've both technically came at viable answers, since 16<19 and 12<19. There is no'extra credit' for Friend B, even though B's answer was nearer to the goal answer of 19. .
"Now imagine I present the'imagine what number I am thinking of' question, however I'm not asking just three friends, and I am not thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Instead, I'm asking millions of prospective miners and I am thinking of a 64-digit hexadecimal number. Now you see that it's going to be extremely difficult to guess the right answer." .
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If 1 in 7 trillion doesn't sound difficult enough as is, here's the catch to the catch. Not only do bitcoin miners have to come up with the right hash, they also have to be the first to do it.
Because bitcoin mining is essentially guesswork, arriving at the right answer before another miner has almost everything to do with how fast your computer can produce hashes. Just a decade ago, bitcoin miners could be carried out competitively on normal desktops. As time passes, however, miners recognized that pictures cards commonly utilized for video games tend to be more capable of mining than desktops and graphics processing units (GPU) came to dominate the game.
These can run from $500 to the tens of thousands. .
Today, bitcoin mining is so competitive it can only be done profitably with all the latest up-to-date ASICs. When using desktop computers, GPUs, or elderly models of ASICs, the cost of energy consumption actually surpasses the revenue generated. Even with the newest unit at your disposal, one computer is rarely enough to compete with what what miners call"mining pools." .
A mining pool is a group of miners who combine their computing sites ability and divide the mined bitcoin between participants. A disproportionately high number of cubes are mined by pools rather than by individual miners. In July 2017, mining pools and companies represented approximately 80% to 90 percent of bitcoin computing power. .
Between 1 in 7 trillion chances, scaling difficulty levels, and also the massive network of consumers verifying transactions, one block of transactions is confirmed roughly every 10 minutes. However, its important to keep in mind that 10 minutes is a target, not a guideline.
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The bitcoin network can process about seven transactions per second, with transactions being logged in the blockchain every 10 minutes. Since the network of bitcoin consumers continues to grow, but the number of transactions made in 10 minutes will eventually exceed the number of transactions which can be processed in 10 minutes.
This dilemma at the center of the bitcoin protocol is known as scaling. While bitcoin miners generally agree that something must be done in order to deal with scaling, there is less consensus regarding how can it. In the time of writing, there are two major solutions to this scaling problem, either (1) to lower the amount of data needed to verify each block or (2) to increase the number of transactions that each block can store.
Solution 2 will deal with scaling by allowing for more information to be processed every 10 minutes. .
In July 2017, bitcoin miners and mining companies representing roughly 80% to 90 percent of their networks computing power required to incorporate a program that would reduce the amount of data needed to confirm each block. That is, they went with Solution 1.
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The app which miners voted to increase the bitcoin protocol is known as a segregated witness, or SegWit. This term is an amalgamation of Segregated, meaning to separate, and Witness, which describes signatures on a bitcoin transaction. Segregated Witness, then, means to separate transaction signatures out of a block and attach them within an extended block.